Genealogy Guides
Chinese Language Basics for Family Research
家谱研究中文基础
Essential Chinese language terms and characters for genealogy researchers.
Essential Characters for Genealogy
Family Terms
- 家 (Jia) - Family/Home
- 族 (Zu) - Clan
- 姓 (Xing) - Surname
- 氏 (Shi) - Clan/Branch
- 祖 (Zu) - Ancestor
- 宗 (Zong) - Lineage/Clan
Relationship Terms
- 父 (Fu) - Father
- 母 (Mu) - Mother
- 祖父 (Zufu) - Paternal grandfather
- 祖母 (Zumu) - Paternal grandmother
- 兄 (Xiong) - Elder brother
- 弟 (Di) - Younger brother
- 姐 (Jie) - Elder sister
- 妹 (Mei) - Younger sister
- 儿 (Er) - Son
- 女 (Nu) - Daughter
Record Terms
- 生 (Sheng) - Birth
- 死 (Si) - Death
- 娶 (Qu) - Marry (man)
- 嫁 (Jia) - Marry (woman)
- 葬 (Zang) - Bury
- 迁 (Qian) - Move/Migrate
Time Terms
- 年 (Nian) - Year
- 月 (Yue) - Month
- 日 (Ri) - Day
- 时 (Shi) - Time
Place Terms
- 省 (Sheng) - Province
- 县 (Xian) - County
- 村 (Cun) - Village
- 乡 (Xiang) - Township
- 籍 (Ji) - Origin/Registered
Common Phrases
- 籍贯 (Jiguan) - Ancestral home
- 原籍 (Yuanji) - Original hometown
- 出生地 (Chushengdi) - Birthplace
- 迁徙 (Qianxi) - Migration
Genealogical Terms
- 家谱 (Jiapu) - Family genealogy
- 族谱 (Zupu) - Clan genealogy
- 宗谱 (Zongpu) - Lineage record
- 支谱 (Zhipu) - Branch genealogy
- 祠堂 (Cítáng) - Ancestral hall
- 牌位 (Paiwei) - Ancestor tablet
Reading Dates
Traditional Chinese dates use:
- 天干 (Tiangan) - Heavenly Stems
- 地支 (Dizhi) - Earthly Branches
Example: 甲子年 = 60-year cycle year
Numbers in Genealogy
- 一 (Yi) - One
- 二 (Er) - Two
- 三 (San) - Three
- 四 (Si) - Four
- 五 (Wu) - Five
- 六 (Liu) - Six
- 七 (Qi) - Seven
- 八 (Ba) - Eight
- 九 (Jiu) - Nine
- 十 (Shi) - Ten
Generational Terms
- 代 (Dai) - Generation
- 辈 (Bei) - Generation/Rank
- 世 (Shi) - Generation
Key Verbs
- 生 (Sheng) - Born
- 卒 (Zu) - Died
- 娶 (Qu) - Married
- 迁 (Qian) - Moved
- 葬 (Zang) - Buried
- 建 (Jian) - Built
Common Titles
- 公 (Gong) - Sir/Public
- 府 (Fu) - Mansion
- 堂 (Tang) - Hall
- 祠 (Ci) - Shrine
- 庙 (Miao) - Temple